Overview of Nazi-Germany's Concentration Camps and Extermination Camps etc.

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Overview of Nazi-Germany's Concentration Camps and Extermination Camps etc.

Last update 28^th February 2007

The 23 main KZ-camps^*)

Germany ^{(Including the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk in Poland).
Today KL Gro}^β^{-Rosen and KL Stutthof
are situated in Poland)}

KL Dachau ^{Mar.22,1933-Apr.29,1945.} ¹²³^sub-camps.^{At least 30.000
dead or murdered. 1)}

KL Sachsenhausen ^{Jul.12,1936-Apr.22,1945.} ^{44 sub-camps.} ^{At least 50.000 dead or murdered.} ²⁾

KL Buchenwald ^{(Jul.15,1937 as KL Ettersberg) Jul.28,1937-Apr.11,1945.}¹⁷⁴^{sub-camps. At least 85.000 dead or murdered. 3)}

KL Flossenbürg ^{May 3,1938-Apr.23,1945.} ^{94
sub-camps. At least 30.000 dead or murdered. 4)}

Frauen-KL Ravensbrück ^{May 15,1939-Apr.30,1945. 31 sub-camps. At
least 28.000 dead or murdered.}⁵⁾

KL Neuengamme ^{(Dec.13,1938) Jun.4,1940-May 4,1945.}⁹⁶^{sub-camps. At least 42.900 dead or murdered. 6)}

KL Groß-Rosen ^{(Rogoźnica) (Aug.2.1940)
May 1,1941-Feb.?,1945.} ^{77
sub-camps. At least 40.000 dead or murdered. 7)}

KL Niederhagen[-Wewelsburg] ^{(May ?,1939)Sep.1,1941-May 1,1943(Apr.2,1945). At least 1.285
dead or murdered. 8)}

KL Stutthof ^(Sztutowo) ^{(Sep.1.1939) Jan.13,1942-Jan.end,1945.} ^{39 sub-camps. At least 65.000 dead or murdered. 9)}

KL Arbeitsdorf ^{Apr.8,1942-Oct.11,1942. At least 600 dead
or murdered.}¹⁰⁾

KL Bergen-Belsen ^{(Jul.?,1941) Apr.15,1943-Apr.15,1945.} ²^sub-camps. ^{At least 70.000 dead or murdered. 11)}

KL Mittelbau-Dora ^{(Aug.27.1943) Nov.1,1943-Apr.9,1945.} ^{40 sub-camps. At least 20.000 dead or murdered. 12)}

Austria

KL Mauthausen ^{Aug.8,1938-May 5,1945.} ^{49
sub-camps. At least 100.000 dead or murdered. 13)}

Poland

KL Auschwitz (I) ^(Oświęcim) ^{May 20,1940-Jan.27,1945. (51) sub-camps. At
least 1.000.000 dead or murdered (incl.}^{KL Birkenau and KL Monowitz). 14)}

KL Lublin [=Majdanek] ^{(Oct.beg,1941) Feb.15,1943-Jul.?,1944.}⁴^{sub-camps. At least 78.000 (present official number
230.000) dead
or murdered. 15)}

KL Warschau ^{(Warszawa)
Aug.15,1943-prior to May 1,1944 (Aug.5,1944).
At least ? dead or murdered. 16)}

KL Monowitz (=Auschwitz III) ^{(Monowice)
(May 31,1942) Dec.1,1943-Jan.27,1945. ? sub-camps. Victims
see above KL Auschwitz (I). 17)}

KL Krakau-Plaszow ^(Krak^ό^w-P^łaszό^w) ^{(Beg.1942 )}^{Jan.11.1944-Jan.14.1945. 4 sub-camps. At least 8.000 dead
or murdered. 18)}

France

KL Natzweiler ^(Natzwiller) [=Struthof] ^{May 1,1941-Sep.22?,1944.} ^{70
sub-camps. At least 10.000 dead or murdered.}¹⁹⁾

Holland

KL Herzogenbusch ^{(´s-Hertogenbosch)}[=Vught] ^{Jan.13,1943-Sep.beg,1944.}¹¹^{sub-camps. 749 dead
or murdered. 20)}

Lithuania

KL Kauen ^(Kaunas) ^{(Aug.15,1941) Sep.15,1943-Aug.1,1944. 9 sub-camps. At least 50.000 dead
or murdered in Fort VII+ IX/Ghetto/KL Kaunas.}²¹⁾

Latvia

KL Riga-Kaiserwald [=Mežaparks] ^{(?.1942) Mar.15,1943-Aug.6,1944.}¹⁶^{sub-camps. At least ? dead or murdered.}²²⁾

Estonia

KL Vaivara ^{Sep.15,1943-Feb.29,1944.}²²^{sub-camps. At least ? dead or murdered.}²³⁾

*) Date in pale writing = originally founded before being renamed KZ-main-camp / finally liquidated after loosing KZ-main-camp status. Several historical accounts do not count KL Monowitz (=Auschwitz III) as an independent main camp seperated from KL Auschwitz (I) Dec.1,1943. The primary source of number of deaths in the individual camps (including their sub-camps) is in each case mainly the website of the museum of these individual camps or other information from the museums of those camps.

The 6 extermination camps in Poland and USSR^**)

Poland

SK Kulmhof ^(Chełmno) ^{Dec.8,1941-Apr.?,1943
(+ Apr.?,1944- Jan.18,1945).}^{At least 152.000 murdered. 24)}

SK Bełżec ^{Mar.17,1942- Jul.31,1943.}^{At least 435.000-500.000
murdered. 25)}

SK Sobibór ^{May 7,1942- Nov.?,1943. Revolt Oct.13,1943.
At least 250.000 murdered.}²⁶⁾

SK Treblinka (II) ^{Jul.23,1942- Nov.30?,1943.}^Revolt^{Aug.2,1943. At least 800.000 murdered. 27)}

KL Birkenau (=Auschwitz II) ^(Brzezinka) ^{(Nov.26,1941?) Aug.?,1942- Jan. 27,1945. Revolt Oct.7,1944. Victims
see above KL Auschwitz (I). 28)}

USSR

SK Maly Trostenez ⁽^Mały^{Trostinec) May 7,1942-Jun.30,1944.}^{At least 40.000-60.000}^{(present
official number}^206.000⁾^murdered^{. 29)}

**) SK = Sonderkommando (special command) = Vernichtungslager (extermination camp). Some historians use the non-authentic abbreviation VL instead of SK as a contrast to KL. Main source of the mass murder numbers: ”Dimension des Völkermords” (ed. Wolfgang Benz), München 1991. The number of primarily Jewish victims of genocide in the 6 (7 including KL Lublin (=Majdanek) extermination camps of approx. 3 mill. must of course be compared to the total number of primarily Jewish victims of genocide: Approx. 6 mill.

Notes ^Motto^{. Miscellaneous. Type of building. State of preservation.
Memorial/Museum. Address.}^{Web site}^.

1) KL Dachau. Arbeit macht frei. Erected next to a munitions factory on an empty suburban lot 30 km NW of Munich. Partly preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: Alte Römerstraβe 75, 85221 Dachau, [Bayern] Germany. Official web site: http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.de/. See also: http://www.scrapbookpages.com/DachauScrapbook/index.html

2) KL Sachsenhausen. Arbeit macht frei. Headquarters of the SS KL administration (WVHA). Erected in a suburban forest 30 km N of Berlin. Partly preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: Straβe der Nationen 22, 16515 Oranienburg, [Brandenburg] Germany. Official web site: http://www.stiftung-bg.de/gums/index.php. See also: http://www.scrapbookpages.com/Sachsenhausen/index.html.

3) KL Buchenwald. Jedem das Seine / Recht oder Unrecht - Mein Vaterland. Erected in a forest next to a quarry, 10 km N of Weimar. Partly preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: 99427 Weimar-Buchenwald, [Thüringen] Germany. Official web site: http://www.buchenwald.de/. See also: http://www.scrapbookpages.com/Buchenwald/index.html.

4) KL Flossenbürg. Arbeit macht frei. Erected in a forest next to a quarry, 97 km NE of Nürnberg. Partly preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: Gedächtnis Allee 5-7, 92696 Flossenbürg, [Bayern] Germany. Official web site: http://www.gedenkstaette-flossenbuerg.de/. Se also: http://www.flossenburg.be/.

5) Frauen-KL Ravensbrück. No motto. Erected in idyllic vacation area close to an open-air health resort 90 km N of Berlin. Partly preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: Straβe der Nationen, 16798 Fürstenberg, [Brandenburg] Germany. Official web site: http://www.ravensbrueck.de/.

6) KL Neuengamme. No motto. Erected next to a closed tileworks factory 9 km SE of central Hamburg. Partly preserved. Still partly used as penitentiary. Memorial and museum. Address: Jean-Dolidier-Weg 39, 21039 Hamburg, Germany. Official web site: http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de.

7) KL Groß-Rosen. Arbeit macht frei? Erected in empty field next to a quarry 73 km W of Wrocław (Breslau). Partly preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: Rogoźnica, 58-152 Goczałków, Poland. Official web site: http://www.gross-rosen.pl/.

8) KL Niederhagen. No motto. Before Sep.1,1941 sub-camp of KL Sachsenhausen. After May 1,1943 continued as sub-camp of KL Buchenwald. Erected for constructional work on the ”SS-Temple”, 14 km SW of Paderborn. Several structures including the Jourhaus preserved, but today rebuilt into the unrecognizable and utilized for other purposes. Memorial. Museum: Address: Burgwall 19, 33142 Büren-Wewelsburg, [Nordrhein-Westfalen] Germany. Official web site: http://www.wewelsburg.de/pages/startseite/willkommen.shtml. For detailed information on the camp follow this path: (1) click: Links, (2) click: Arbeitskreis der NS-Gedenkstätten in Nordrhein Westfalen e.V. (=http://www.ns-gedenkstaetten.de/nrw/eingang/index.php), (3) click: Deutsch language, (4) fill in: Suchbegriff with: Wewelsburg, (5) click: Suchen, (6) click: Kreismuseum Wewelsburg - Rundgang durch Wewelsburg and (7) click: button # 2 on the second map shown in the window. See also: http://www.ns-gedenkstaetten.de/nrw/de/wewelsburg/thema_1/.

9) KL Stutthof. No motto. Continuation of a civilian prisoners´ camp. Erected on dunes near the coast, 37 km E of Gdańsk (Danzig). Partly preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: ul. Muzealna 6, 82-110 Sztutowo, Poland. Official web site: http://www.stutthof.pl/ge/main.htm.

10) KL Arbeitsdorf. No motto. Erected for construction of an iron enforced concrete factory building at Hermann-Göring-Werk at the later Volkswagen Factory in Wolfsburg, 27 km NE of Braunschweig. No remains preserved? No memorial? Address: ?, 38443 Fallersleben-Wolfsburg, [Niedersachsen] Germany. No official web site. See instead: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/KZ_Arbeitsdorf.

11) KL Bergen-Belsen. No motto. Not a forced labour camp but an assembly / holding camp. Continuation of a Waffen-SS prisoner of war camp / camp for Jewish hostages held to be exchanged against prisoners of war. Erected on open moorland 60 km N of Hannover. Almost nothing preserved. Owing to danger of spread of contagious diseases, burned down by British Army after minimum clearing-up and burials. Memorial and museum. Address: 29303 Lohheide, [Niedersachsen] Germany. Official web site: http://www.bergenbelsen.de/. See also: http://www.scrapbookpages.com/BergenBelsen/ConcentrationCamp.html.

12) KL Dora. No motto. Erected next to (and inside) Berg Kohnstein in connection with move to and organization of a V2 rocket factory etc. in mountain tunnels safe from bombing, 60 km E of Göttingen. Almost nothing preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: Kohnsteinweg 20, 99734 Nordhausen, [Thüringen] Germany. Official web site: http://www.dora.de/.

13) KL Mauthausen. No motto. Prisoners called the gate the Mongol Gate. Erected on rocky ground next to a quarry, 19 km E of Linz. Partly preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: Erinnerungsstraβe 1, 4310 Mauthausen, Austria. Official web site: http://www.mauthausen-memorial.at/. See also: http://www.scrapbookpages.com/Mauthausen/index.html.

14) KL Auschwitz (I). Arbeit macht frei. Organized in Polish Army barracks close to a main railway junction, 60 km W of Krakόw. Completely preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: ul. Więźninów Oświęcimia 20, 32-620 Oświęcim, Poland. Official web site: http://www.Auschwitz-muzeum.oswiecim.pl/. See also http://www.scrapbookpages.com/AuschwitzScrapbook/History/Articles/index.html and below note 17 and note 28.

15) KL Majdanek. No motto. Partly an extermination camp. Continuation of a Waffen-SS prisoner of war camp. Erected on empty suburban lot, 4 km SE of Lublin. Partly preserved. Memorial and museum. Address: ul. Droga Męczennikόw Majdanka 67, 20-325 Lublin, Poland. Official web site: http://www.majdanek.pl/. See also: http://www.scrapbookpages.com/Poland/Majdanek/Majdanek.html.

16) KL Warszawa. No motto. Continued as a sub-camp of KL Lublin (Majdanek). Erected in the middle of Warszawa for removal of all buildings both over and under ground in the former Jewish ghetto and subsequent the establishment of a park. No remains preserved. No memorial? Address: ul. Gęsia, ul. Smocza and ul. Zamenhofa, Warszawa, Poland. No official web site. See instead e.g. http://www.death-camps.org/occupation/kzwarsaw.html.

17) KL Monowitz. No motto. Continuation of a forced labour sub-camp of KL Auschwitz (I). Main camp for most of KL Auschwitz (I)´s sub-camps 1943-45, except the extermination camp KL Birkenau. Erected on village land 6 km E of Auschwitz (I) in connection with a newly-built factory for the production of synthetic rubber and gasoline (Buna-Werke, I. G. Farben). No traces of the camp preserved. Address: ?, ?, Poland. See official web site above at note 14.

18) KL Płaszόw. No motto. Continuation of a forced work camp for Jews, erected on Jewish burial ground next to a quarry, 6 km SE of Cracow. Only a few traces of buildings preserved. Memorial in a geological nature reserve. Address: ul. Jerozolimska, 30-555 Krakόw, Poland. No official web site. See instead e.g http://www.death-camps.org/occupation/plaszow.html and http://www.scrapbookpages.com/Poland/Plaszow/Plaszow01.html.

19) KL Struthof. No motto. Erected on a high, wooded mountainside next to a quarry, 60 km S of Strasbourg (Strassburg).. Partly preserved/reconstructed. Memorial and museum. Address: 67130 Natzweiler, [Alsace] France. Official web site: http://crdp.ac-reims.fr/memoire/enseigner/Natzweiler_Struthof/menu.htm. See also: http://www.scrapbookpages.com/Natzweiler/index.html and http://www.natzweiler.info/index.html.

20) KL Vught. No motto. Erected on tree-planted moors, 25 km NW of Eindhoven. Partly preserved. Still partly used as penitentiary. Memorial and museum. Address: Lunettenlaan 600, 5263 NT Vught, Holland. Official web site: http://www.nmkampvught.nl/. See also: http://www.death-camps.org/reinhard/dutchcamps.html.

21) KL Kaunas. No motto. Continuation of a ghetto for Jews organized in already existing buildings. No trace of buildings preserved. Burned down by the SS in connection with the clearing of the camp to force all prisoners out of underground hiding places. Memorial. Address: (no.?) A. Kriščiukaitis gatvė, 3032 Kaunas, Lithuania. No official web site. See instead e.g. http://www.ushmm.org/kovno/intro/intro.htm. See information on site of mass shootings Kaunas Fort IX, address: 73 Žemaičių pl., 3032 Kaunas, Lithuania: http://muziejai.mch.mii.lt/Kaunas/forto_muziejus.en.htm#Address.

22) KL Mežaparks. Motto? Erected in a natural forest area / garden city, ? km N of Riga . No traces of buildings preserved? No Memorial? Address: ?, ?, Latvia. No official web site. See instead e.g. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/KZ_Riga-Kaiserwald. See also further information on Ghetto Riga: http://www.death-camps.org/occupation/riga%20ghetto.html.

23) KL Vaivara. Motto? Erected in forest beside Sőtke river close to a railway line, 110 km east of Tallinn. No trace of buildings preserved. Memorial stone. Address: Vaivara küla, Vaivara vald 40102, Estonia. No official web site. See instead e.g. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/KZ_Vaivara.

24) SK Chełmno. No motto (No real gate). ”Pilot-project” exterrmination camp. Special command not under SS KZ camp administration. Organized in a small isolated and enclosed manor house close to a railway, 62 km NW of Łódz. Attempt to destroy all traces of buildings and buried bodies. Archaeological excavation 1986-87. Memorial and museum. Address: Chełmno nad Nerem, 62-663 Poland. No official web site. See instead e.g. http://www.death-camps.org/occupation/chelmno.html and http://www.zchor.org/chelmno.htm.

25) SK Bełżec. No motto. Claimed to be decoration / inscriptions on front gable of new gas chambers: Star of David, Hackenholt-Stiftung and Bade- und Inhalationsräume. ”Einsatz Reinhard(t)” exterrmination camp. Special command not under SS KZ camp administration. Erected in a remote forest 112 km SE of Lublin. Dead-end two-track railway line with two platforms constructed inside the camp. Attempt to destroy all traces of buildings and buried bodies. Recent archaeological excavations 1997-99. Memorial and museum. Address: ul. Ofiar Obozu 4, 22-670 Bełżec, Poland. Official web site: http://www.belzec.org.pl/ . See also: http://www.death-camps.org/belzec/.

26) SK Sobibór. No motto. Claimed to be decoration / inscriptions on front gable of gas chambers: Star of David, Badehaus and / or Seuchen-Bekämpfungsstelle. ”Einsatz Reinhard(t)” exterrmination camp. Special command not under SS KZ camp administration. Erected in a remote forest 76 km NE of Lublin. Dead-end railway line with platform constructed inside the camp. Attempt to destroy all traces of buildings and buried bodies. No modern archaeological excavations. Memorial and museum. Address: Stacja Kolejowa 1, 22-231 Sobibór, Poland. No official web site. See instead e.g. http://www.death-camps.org/sobibor/.

27) SK Treblinka [II]. No motto. Claimed to be decoration / inscriptions on front gable of new gas chambers: Star of David and זה השער לה' צדיקים יבואו בו (pronounced Zair-Hasha'ar L'Adonai Tzadeekim Yov'ow Bow) = This [is the] gate of the Lord, through which the righteous shall enter. Either painted inscription on front gable of or embrodery upon ritual Jewish curtain covering entry to new gas chambers. ”Einsatz Reinhard(t)” exterrmination camp. Special command not under SS KZ-camp administration. Erected in a remote forest 82 km NE of Warsaw. Dead-end railway line with platform constructed inside the camp. Attempt to destroy all traces of buildings and buried bodies. Polish criminological/forensic excavation 1945. No modern archaeological excavation. Memorial. Address: ?, 00-330 Kosów Lacki, Poland. No official web site. See instead e.g. http://www.death-camps.org/treblinka/ and http://www.scrapbookpages.com/Poland/Treblinka/index.html.

28) KL Birkenau. No motto. Primarily an extermination camp. Twin camp of KL Auschwitz (I). Erected on village land cleared by force 3 km W of KL Auschwitz (I). Dead-end three-track railway line with platform and return switch constructed inside the camp. Partly preserved. Address ?, ?, Poland. See official web site above at note 14. See also http://www.scrapbookpages.com/AuschwitzScrapbook/History/Articles/index.html.

29) SK Mały Trostinec. No motto. Primarily an extermination camp. Special command not under SS KZ-camp administration. Organized in a collective socalled “kolchos”-farm estate near a railway, 11 km SE of Minsk in the former Soviet Union (now Belarus). No remains preserved. Memorial. Address: ?, ?, Belarus. No official web site. See instead e.g. http://www.death-camps.org/occupation/maly%20trostinec.html. See also further information on Ghetto Minsk: http://www.death-camps.org/occupation/minsk%20ghetto.html.

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German

Dutch

Danish

Polish

Overview of Nazi-Germany's Concentration Camps and Extermination Camps etc.

Last update 28^th February 2007

The 23 main KZ-camps^*)

Austria

USSR

German

Dutch

Danish

Polish

Overview of Nazi-Germany's Concentration Camps and Extermination Camps etc.

Last update 28th February 2007

The 23 main KZ-camps*)

Austria

USSR

Last update 28^th February 2007

The 23 main KZ-camps^*)